Original title: Introduction to several common applications of titanium alloy materials such as titanium rod and titanium anode Introduction of several common applications of titanium alloy materials such as titanium rod and titanium anode Titanium and titanium anodes have good welding, cold and hot pressure processing and mechanical processing performance, can be processed into a variety of profiles, plates and pipe supply. Titanium is an ideal structural material. The density of titanium is only 4.5 G/m3, which is 43% lighter than steel, but the strength of titanium is twice that of iron and almost five times that of pure aluminium. Has low density and high strength performance. This combination of high strength and low density gives titanium a very important place in technology. At the same time, the corrosion resistance of titanium is close to or better than that of stainless steel, so it has been widely used in petroleum, chemical industry, pesticides, dyes, paper making, light industry, aviation, space development, marine engineering and so on. Titanium alloys have high specific strength (the ratio of strength to density). Titanium alloys have played an irreplaceable role in aviation, military industry, shipbuilding, chemical industry, metallurgy, machinery, medical and other fields. For example, after heat treatment, the strength limit of the alloy composed of titanium, aluminum, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, manganese and other elements can reach 1176.8-1471 MPa, and the specific strength can reach 27-33. The specific strength of the alloy steel with the same strength is only 15.5-19. Titanium alloys are widely used in shipbuilding, chemical machinery and medical equipment because of their high strength and corrosion resistance. Among them, corrosion-resistant titanium alloy is mainly used in reactors, towers, autoclaves, heat exchangers, pumps, valves, centrifuges, pipelines, pipe fittings, electrolyzers and so on in various strong corrosive environments. However, the application of titanium and its alloys is limited due to their high price. Expand the full text (1) Titanium by iodine method, grade TAD It is high-purity titanium obtained by iodination method, so it is called iodination titanium, or chemically pure titanium. However, it still contains interstitial impurities such as oxygen, nitrogen and carbon, which have a great influence on the mechanical properties of pure titanium. As the purity of titanium increases, the strength and hardness of titanium decrease significantly; therefore, it is characterized by good chemical stability, but very low strength. Because of its low strength, high purity titanium is of little interest as a structural material and is rarely used in industry. At present, industrial pure titanium and titanium alloys are widely used in industry. (2) Commercially pure titanium Unlike chemically pure titanium, industrially pure titanium contains more oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and many other impurity elements (such as iron, silicon, etc.). It is essentially a titanium alloy with low alloy content. Compared with chemically pure titanium, its strength is greatly improved because it contains more impurity elements, and its mechanical and chemical properties are similar to those of stainless steel (but its strength is still lower than that of titanium alloy). The characteristics of industrial pure titanium are: low strength, good plasticity, easy processing, stamping, welding, good machinability; good corrosion resistance in the atmosphere, sea water, wet chlorine and oxidizing, neutral, weak reducing medium, oxidation resistance is superior to most austenitic stainless steel; but poor heat resistance, the use temperature should not be too high. Commercially pure titanium is divided into three grades of TA 1, TA 2 and TA 3 according to its impurity content. The interstitial impurity elements of the three kinds of commercial pure titanium increase gradually, so the mechanical strength and hardness also increase gradually, but the plasticity and toughness decrease correspondingly. Commercially pure titanium TA2 is commonly used in industry because of its moderate corrosion resistance and comprehensive mechanical properties. TA3 can be selected when the requirements for wear resistance and strength are high. TA1 can be selected when good formability is required. Industrial pure titanium is mainly used for stamping parts and corrosion-resistant structural parts with working temperature below 350 ℃, low stress and good plasticity, such as aircraft framework, skin, engine accessories, seawater corrosion-resistant pipelines, valves, pumps, hydrofoils and seawater desalination system parts for ships; Chemical heat exchangers, pumps, titanium bar gr7 , distillation towers, coolers, agitators, tees, impellers, fasteners, ion pumps, compressor valves and diesel engine pistons, connecting rods, leaf springs, etc. (3) Alpha titanium alloy, TA4, TA5, TA6, TA7. This kind of alloy is in α-type single-phase state at room temperature and service temperature, and can not be strengthened by heat treatment (annealing is the only form of heat treatment), mainly relying on solid solution strengthening. The strength at room temperature is generally lower than that of β and α + β titanium alloys (but higher than that of commercial pure titanium), while the strength and creep strength at high temperature (500-600 ℃) are the highest among the three types of titanium alloys; and the microstructure is stable, the oxidation resistance and weldability are good, the corrosion resistance and machinability are also good, but the plasticity is low (the thermoplasticity is still good), and the stamping performance at room temperature is poor. Among them, TA7 is the most widely used, which has high strength and sufficient plasticity in the annealed state, good weldability, and can be used below 500 ℃; when the content of interstitial impurity elements (oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc.) Is extremely low, it also has good toughness and comprehensive mechanical properties at ultralow temperature, and is one of the excellent ultralow temperature alloys. The tensile strength of TA4 is slightly higher than that of commercial pure titanium, and it can be used as a structural material in the medium strength range. It is mainly used as welding wire in China. TA5 and TA6 are used for parts and weldments working in corrosive medium below 400 ℃, such as aircraft skin, skeleton parts, compressor shell, blades, ship parts, etc. TA7 is used for structural parts and various molded parts working below 500 ℃ for a long time, and can be used up to 900 ℃ for a short time. It can also be used for ultra-low temperature (-253 ℃) parts (such as containers for ultra-low temperature). (4) Beta titanium alloy, grade TB2. The main alloying elements of this kind of alloy are β phase stabilizing elements such as molybdenum, chromium and vanadium, which can easily retain the high temperature β phase to room temperature during normalizing and quenching to obtain a more stable β phase structure, so it is called β type titanium alloy. β-type titanium alloy can be strengthened by heat treatment, and has high strength, good welding performance and pressure processing performance; but the performance is not stable enough, and the melting process is complex, so its application is not as wide as α-type and α + β-type titanium alloy. It can be used for parts working below 350 ℃, and is mainly used for manufacturing various sheet stamping parts and welding parts with integral heat treatment (solid solution and aging), such as compressor blades, wheel disks, shafts and other heavy load rotating parts, as well as aircraft components. TB2 alloy is generally delivered under solution treatment and used after solution treatment and aging. (5) TC6, TC9 and TC10 commonly used for α + β titanium rods and titanium alloys This kind of alloy has α + β two-phase structure at room temperature, so it is named α + β titanium alloy. It has good comprehensive mechanical properties, most of which can be strengthened by heat treatment (but TC1, TC2 and TC7 can not be strengthened by heat treatment), good forging, stamping and welding properties, machinability, high room temperature strength and high heat resistance below 150-500 deg C. Some of them (such as TC1, TC2, TC3, TC4) also have good low temperature toughness and good resistance to seawater stress corrosion and hot salt stress corrosion, but the disadvantage is that the structure is not stable enough. Among these alloys, TC4 is the most widely used, accounting for about half of the production of existing titanium alloys. The alloy not only has good mechanical properties at room temperature, high temperature and low temperature, but also has excellent corrosion resistance in a variety of media, and can be welded, cold and hot formed, and can be strengthened by heat treatment; therefore, the alloy is widely used in aerospace, ships, chemical industry and other industrial departments. TC1 and TC2 can be used for stamping parts, welding parts, die forgings and various parts processed by bending below 400 ℃. These two alloys can also be used as low temperature structural materials. TC3 and TC4 can be used as parts for long-term operation below 400 ℃, structural modules, various containers, pumps, low-temperature components, ship pressure shells, tank tracks, etc. The strength is higher than that of TC1 and TC2. TC6 can be used below 400 ℃ and is mainly used as a structural material for aircraft engines. TC9 can be used to manufacture parts working below 560 ℃ for a long time, mainly used in compressor disks and blades of aircraft jet engines. TC10 can be used to manufacture parts working below 450 ℃ for a long time, such as aircraft structural parts, landing gear, honeycomb connection components,ti6al4v, missile engine shells, weapon structural parts, etc. Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor:. yunchtitanium.com